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How speech, language and communication needs may show

It's normal for your child's speech, language and communication skills to develop at a different rate to others. What matters is whether your child is finding communication harder than expected for their age.

If your child has speech, language, and communication needs they may:

  • have difficulty understanding language - they may need instructions to be repeated, appearing not to listen, or misunderstand what has been said
  • have difficulty using language – they may struggle to find words, use short sentences, or find it hard to explain ideas
  • have unclear speech – they may be difficult to understand, use unusual sound patterns, or get frustrated when others don’t understand
  • find social communication challenging – finding it hard to take turns, stay on topic, read social cues or join in conversations
  • avoid speaking situations – they may stay quiet in groups, avoid answering questions, or become anxious about talking
  • experience an impact on their learning – they may have difficulties with reading, writing, following lessons or remembering new vocabulary
  • display behaviour changes – they may become withdrawn, act out, or show frustration when communication is difficult.

Signs of speech, language, and communication needs can vary widely. Your child may show only one or two of these, while others may experience a combination.

You can use Ages and stages guidance from Speech and Language UK to understand what is typical at different ages. Their progress checker can help you decide whether you and your child may benefit from support or advice.

Views of children with speech, language and communication needs

Children and young people in Kent have described their experiences in their own words. Their views help adults understand what communication difficulties can feel like:

"I say I don't know because I don't know how to explain"

"I don't understand, you're saying too much to me"

"Don't ask me to read aloud or in front of my friends"

"Others ignore me or walk away when I'm talking"

"I don't know what to say, and can't use the right words"

"People don't listen to me"

"Sometimes I do things to get in trouble to avoid talking or asking for help"

These comments highlight how SLCN can affect confidence, friendships and learning, and why early understanding and support make such a difference.